Putting up a sign that reserves the right to refuse service to anyone? Think twice.

A business putting up a sign that says the business can refuse service to anyone should think twice who that business means by “anyone”. California state law prohibits a business from refusing service to just anyone they choose. See Unruh Civil Rights Act.

What is the Unruh Civil Rights Act, you ask? It’s California Civil Code Section 51 that states: “All persons within the jurisdiction of this state are free and equal, no matter what their sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, or medical condition are entitled to the full and equal accommodations, advantages facilities, privileges, or services in all business establishments of every kind whatsoever.” Civil Code section 51(b).

But, what does that mean in plain English? Basically this law prevents people from being discriminated against in housing and public accommodations based on their sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, or medical condition. This law is also meant to cover arbitrary discrimination on the basis of characteristics of a person that appear to be one of the specified.

What’s considered a “public accommodation”? This includes but not limited to hotels/motels, non-profit organizations, restaurants, theaters, beauty shops, retail establishments. This is not an exhaustive list, so just because your business does not fall under these categories does not give your business the right to refuse service to anyone protected under this law.

Who can a business refuse service to, if anyone? Well, the right to refuse has to generally serve a legitimate business interest. Some examples are when a customer is not dressed properly; a customer is disruptive; a customer harasses customers or employees; or when there are legitimate safety concerns. Like the public accommodation list, this list is also not limited to what has been mentioned here.

Overall, it is clear that the law is meant to protect people based on sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, or medical condition but the law does allow the business to protect itself based on the conduct of customers.